Born in New York in 1957
Lives and works in New York

Selected Solo Exhibitions

2018

2017

• Unidentified, Redling Fine Art, Los Angeles (US)
• Paranormal: Tony Oursler vs. Gustavo Rol’, Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli, Turin, Italy
• Sound Digressions: Spectrum’, Galerie Mitterand, Paris, France
• Passe-Partout, Baldwin gallery, Aspen (US)
• Hunter Museum of American Art, Chattanooga, TN, US
• Tony Oursler: b0t / flOw - ch@rt’, Galerie Forsblom, Stockholm, Sweden
• Tony Oursler: L7-L5 / Imponderable’, CaixaForum, Barcelona, Spain

2016

2015

• Bernier/Eliades, Athens ( GR)
  
• Imponderable : the Archives of Tony Ourlser, LUMA Foundation, Arles (FR)
• Lehmann Maupin, New York (US)
  
• Projection X ERGO Y, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Amsterdam (NL)
  
• Template/variant/friend/stranger, Lisson Gallery, London (UK)
  
• Influence Machine / Adelaine, Blinc Festival Adelaine / Pinky Flats, Adelaine (AUS)

2014

• Passe-Partout, Baldwin Gallery, Aspen (USA)
  
• Tony Oursler ‘I/O underflow’, Oude kerk, Amsterdam (NL)
  
• Obscura, Galerie Hans Mayer, Dusseldorf, (DE)
• National Gallery of Korea, Seoul, (KO)
  
• Glares Schematics, Albert Baronian, Brussels, (BE)
  
• Phantasmagoria, Expo MAC’s, Grand-Hornu, (BE)
  
• hopped (popped), Edward Hopper House, Nyack, (USA)

2013

• Ekeberg Sculpture Park, Oslo, (NO)
• Galeria Leme, Sao Paulo, (BR)
• John Buckley Gallery, Melbourne, (AU)
  
• Strawberry Ecstasy Green, Espace Louis Vuitton, Venise (IT)
  
• Phobic/WhiteTrash, JMG Galerie, Paris, (FR)
  
• Tony Oursler: UFOs and Effigies, Arthur Ross Architecture Gallery- Graduate School of Architecture, Columbia University, New York (US)
  
• Little Worlds, Honolulu Museum of Art, Honolulu, Hawaii (US)
  
• Aged iced etcetera, Pinchuck Art Center, Kiev, (UA)
  
• The Influence Machine, Tate Modern, London, (UK)
  
• Norte Sul Leste Oeste, Museu de Arte Moderna, Sao Paulo, (BR)

2012

• Oxt Variations, 313 Art Project, Seoul, (KR)
  
• Denouement, FaMa Gallery, Verona, (IT)
  
• Open Obscura, PAC - Padiglione d’Arte Contemporanea, Milan, (IT)
  
• Sculpture, Jensen Gallery, Sydney, (AU)
  
• Sculpture, Jensen/Fox, Auckland, (NZ)
  
• Super Pop (and Not), Contemporary by Angela Li, Hong Kong (CN)
  
• top–down–bottom–up, Gallery Paule Anglim, San Francisco, California (US)
  
• Lapsed Fantasist, Galerie Hans Mayer, Düsseldorf, (DE)
  
• False-Color Actions, Galeria Soledad Lorenzo, Madrid, (ES)
  
• Scribble, Adumbrations, Avlskarl Gallery, Copenhagen, (DK)
  
• Face to Face, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, (DK)

2011

• Adobe Museum of Digital Media, Online
• As Above, So Below, Forsblom Gallery , Helsinki, (FI)
  
• The Influence Machine, The Whitworth Art Gallery, (UK)
• Open Obscura, Padiglione d’Arte Contemporanea, Milan (IT)
  
• JGM. Galerie, Paris (FR)

2010

• Oi Futuro, Rio de Janeiro (BR)
  
• Valley, Adobe Museum of Digital Media
  
• Peak, Lehmann Maupin, New York (US)
  
• ON OFF, Jensen Gallery, Auckland, (NZ)
  
• Number 7, Plus or Minus 2, Faurschou Gallery, Bejing (CN)
  
• Vertical Loop Task, Baldwin Gallery, Aspen (US)

2009

• Baronian_Francey Gallery, Brussels ( BE)
  
• Lock 2, 4, 6, Kunsthaus Bregenz, (AT)
  
• 50 Schilling, Galerie Steinek, Vienna, (AT)
  
• Void or Everything Ever Wanted, Luminato Festival, Toronto, (CA)
  
• Haze or Transparency with Friends and Colors, AGO, Toronto, (CA)
  
• Five Take Radius, Clocktower, New York (US)
  
• Gaze Heuristic (With Drool), Galleria IN ARCO, Turin, (IT)
  
• Cell Phones Diagarams Cigarettes Searches and Scratch Cards, Metro Pictures, New York (US)
• Paule Anglim Gallery, San Francisco, California (US)
  
• Splatter Project #1, Frank Sinatra High School, New York (Permanent public project) (US)

2008

• Mirada Pensante Espacio Cultural El Tanque, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (ES)
  
• High, Lisson Gallery, London, (UK)
  
• Trunk Mask Bomb Frame Hatchet Crutch Queen, Galería Soledad Lorenzo, Madrid, (ES)
  
• NixAlienClimaxCloudAxe, House of Photography, Moscow,(RU)
  
• St. Roch, KK Projects, New Orleans (US)
  
• Project for Physic Garden, London, (UK)
  
• AWGTHTGTWTA, New York (US)
  
• Horizon Scander Jeu, (In collaboration with Tony Conrad and Constance DeJong) Gare du Nord, Paris, (FR)
• Jensen Gallery, Auckland, (NZ)
• Project for Land and Beach, Gibbs Farm, (NZ)

2007

• Ooze, Lehmann Maupin, New York (US)
  
• Phobos, Bernier/Eliades, (GR)
  
• Dum-Dum, Metalbreath, Wadcutter, Galleria Emi Fontana, Milan (IT)
• Galerie Forsblom, Helsinki (FI)
• Paule Anglim Gallery, San Francisco (US)
  
• Million Colors, Phoenix (Permanent public project) (US)

2006

• Spaced, Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles (US)
  
• Simon Studer Art, Geneva, (CH)
  
• Sound Digressions in Seven Colors, Nyehaus, New York (US)
• Galeria in Acro, Torino, (IT)
• Galerie Faurshou, Copenhagen (DK)
  
• Disposifs, Kunstforeningen GL Strand, Copenhagen, (DE)
  
• Perfect Partner, Collaboration with Phil Morrison and Kim Gordon, Montclair, New Jersey (US)
  
• Thought Forms, Metro Pictures, New York (US)

2005

• Perfect Partner, with Kim Gordon, Barbican, London (UK)
  
• Blue Invasion, Sydney Festival, Sydney, (AU)
  
• Studio and Climaxed, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (US)
  
• Dispositifs, Jeu de Paume, Paris (FR)
  
• DA2. Domus Atrium 2002, Salamanque, (ES)
• Helsinki City Art Museum, Helsinki (FI)

2004

• Lehmann Maupin, New York (US)
  
• Unk, Aarhus Kunsthaus, Aarhus, (DK)
  
• Sexta de Cifra, Barcelona Civic Plaza, Barcelona, (ES) (Permanent Public Project)
  
• Blob, Galeria Soledad Lorenzo, Madrid, (ES)
  
• Studio: Seven Months of My Aesthetic Education (Plus Some), Musee D’Orsay, Paris, (FR)
  
• Braincast, Seattle Public Library, Seattle (US)
  
• PHOBOS, Bernier Eliades, Athens (GR)
• Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles (US)

2003

• Aarhus Kunsthaus, (DK)
• Metro Pictures, New York (US)
• Bernier/Eliades, Athens, (GR)
• Jensen Gallery, Auckland, (NZ)
• Lisson Gallery, London, (UK)
• Gallery Paule Anglim, San Francisco (US)

2002

• Tony Oursler -– Drawings, Lehmann Maupin, New York (US)
  
• Tony Oursler- – Luftmetall, Galerie Hans Meyer, Dusseldorf (DE)
  
• Station, Magasin 3, Stockholm (SE) (cat.)
• Museo D’Arte Contemporanea Rome (IT) (cat.)
• Galerie H.S. Steinek, Vienna (AT)
  
• Parallel Lines, Galleria in Arco, Torino, Italy; Studio d\’Arte Raffaelli, Travai, (IT) (cat.)

2001

• Galerie Ghislaine Hussenot, Paris (FR) (and 1995)
• Institut Valencià D’Art Modern, Valencia, (ES) (cat.)
  
• Flucht, Kunsthaus Bregenz, (AT)
• Koldo Mitxelena Kulturunea, San Sebastian, (ES)
• Galerie Joan Prats, Barcelona (ES)

2000

• Sulfer, Glass, Silicon, 1000 Eventi, Milan (IT)
  
• The Empty Cabinet, Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle; University Art Gallery, University of California, San Diego (US)
  
• Tony Oursler: The Darkest Color Infinitely Amplified, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US) (broch.)

1999

• Introjection: Tony Oursler mid-career survey, 1976-1999, MASS MoCA, N. Adams, Massachussetts; Williams College of Art, Williamstown, Massachusettes; Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston (2000); Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2000); Des Moines Art Center (2001) (US) (cat.)

1998

• Directions - Tony Oursler: Video Dolls with Tracey Liepold, Hirshhorn Museum & Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C. (US) (broch.)
  
• Videotapes, Dummies, Drawings, Photographs, Viruses, Heads, Eyes, & CD-ROM, Kunstverein Hannover, (DE), Malmö Konsthall, (SE) ; Tel Aviv Museum of Art, (IL); Wellington Museum of Art (UK) (cat.)

1997

• Judy, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia (US)
• Aspen Art Museum, Colorado (US)
• capc Musée, Musée d’art contemporain de Bordeaux (FR)

1996

• Jean Bernier Gallery, Athens (GR) (and 1994)
• Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego (US) (broch.)
  
• My Drawings 1976-1996, Kasseler Kunstverein, Kassel, (DE) (cat.)

1995

• System for Dramatic Feedback, Portikus Frankfurt (DE) ; Les Musées de la Ville de Strasbourg (FR) ; Centre d’Art _ Contemporain, Geneva (CH); Stedlijk Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (NL) (cat.)
  
• Tony Oursler: Video Installations, Objects, Watercolors, Musée des Arts Moderne et Contemporain, Strasbourg (FR)
• Wiener Secession, Vienna (AT)

1994

• Judy, Salzburger Kunstverein (AT)

1993

• White Trash and Phobic, Centre d’Art Contemporain, Geneva; Kunstwerke, Berlin (DE) (cat.)

1989

• Folkwang Museum, Essen (DE) (cat.)
• Museum fur Gegenwartskunst, Basel (CH)

1987

• The Kitchen, New York (US)

1986

• Spheres of Influence, Musée National d\’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (FR) (catalogue)

1985

• The American Center, Paris (FR)

1982

• Walker Art Center, Minneapolis (US)

1981

• University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley (US)

Selected Group Exhibitions

2019

• Le Choix d’Albert, Xippas Genève, Geneva (CH)

2015

• Cosa Mentale, Art and Telepathy in the Twentieth Century, Centre Pompidou- Metz, Metz, (FR)
  
• La vie moderne, Biennale de Lyon, Lyon, (FR)
  
• America is Hard to See, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, (NY)
  
• TRANSMISSION: Legacies of the Television Age, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, (AU)
  
• The Triumph of Love: Beth Rudin DeWoody Collects, Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, Florida (US)
  
• Future Seasons Past, Lehmann Maupin, New York, (US)
• Blinc Festival Adelaide, Adelaide, (AU)
  
• La Vie Moderne, Biennale de Lyon, Lyon, (FR)

2014

• Momentum : An Experiment in the Unexpected, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA (US)
  
• Disturbing Innocence, curated by Eric Fischl, The FKAG Art Foundation, New York (US)
  
• Four Drawings of a Farmer, Bureau, New York ( US)
  
• Aftershock : The Impact of Radical Art, 135 East 74th Street, New York (US)
  
• Ritornando a Gand, Albert Baronian @ CIAC, Ghent (BE)
  
• Obscura, Galerie Hans Mayer, Dusseldorf, (DE)

2013

• The Influent Machine, Tate Modern, London (UK)
  
• Mike Kelley, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (FR)
  
• Disembodied, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio (US)

2012

• OXT Variations, 313 Art Project, Seoul, (KR)
  
• The Royal Family, Hayward Gallery Project Space, London (US)
  
• Glasstress New York: New Art from the Venice Biennales, The Museum of Art and Design,New York (US)

2011

• Nothing in the World but Youth, Turner Contemporary Gallery, Margate (US)
  
• Night Scented Stock, Marianne Boesky, New York (US)
  
• Glasstress, 54th Venice Biennale, Venice (IT)
  
• The Way We Are Now: Selections from the 21st Century Collection, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio (US)
  
• Unreal, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver (CA)
  
• America: Now and Here, exhbition tour, (US)
• Open obscura, PAC MILANO (IT)
  
• Paradise Lost, Istanbul Modern, Istanbul (TR)

2010

• Figura Cuncta Videntis, Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, Vienna (At)
  
• Off the Wall: Part 1—Thirty Performative Actions, The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US)
• Special Effects, Kunsthalle Wilhelmshaven, (DE) (cat.)
  
• Larger Than Life - Stranger Than Fiction: 11th Triennial of Small Sculpture, Kulturamt Statd Fellbach, (DE) (cat.)
• Julia Stoschek Collection: I Want To See How You See, Deichtorhallen, Hamburg (DE)
  
• The Flower of May, Gwangju Museum of Art, (KR)
  
• C’est la Vie! Vanités—De Pompéï à Damien Hirst, Musée Maillol, Paris (FR) (cat.)
  
• IL Frucco e le Maschere, Byblos Art Gallery, Verona (IT)
  
• Vertical Loop Task, Baldwin Gallery, Aspe, Colorado (US)
  
• Splatter Project #1, 2009, Video Installation at Frank Sinatra High School, Queens, New York (US)

2009

• Likeness, The Mattress Factory, Pittsburg (US)

2008

• Listen Darling…The World is Yours, the Ellipse Foundation, Cascais, (PT)
  
• California Video, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles (US) (cat.)
  
• The Cinema Effect: Illusion, Reality, and the Moving Image. Part 1: Dreams, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C. (US) (cat.)
  
• Sonic Youth etc.: Sensational Fix, LiFE International Space for Emerging Arts, Saint-Nazaire, France; Museion Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Bolzano, (IT); Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, (DE); Malmö Konsthall, (SE); Centro Huarte de Arte Contemporáneo, Navarra, ‘ES) (2008-2010) (cat.)

2007

• Sympathy for the Devil: Art and Rock and Roll Since 1967, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (US) ; Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami (US); Musée D’Art Contemporain, Montréal (CA) (2007-2009) (cat.)
  
• Panic Attack! Art in the Punk Years, Barbican Art Gallery, London (UK) (cat.)
• Hessel Museum of Art, Bard, New York (US) (cat.)

2006

• Into Me / Out of Me, P.S. 1, New York; KW Institute for Contemporary Art,
  Berlin; MACRO Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Rome (IT) (cat.)
  
• Super Vision, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (US) (cat.)
  
• New York New York: Fifty Years of Art, Architecture, Cinema, Performance, Photography and Video, Grimaldi Forum, Monaco (MC) (cat.)
  
• Don’t Trust Anyone Over Thirty, Whitney Biennial, New York (US)

2005

• 14th Rome Quadriennale, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna di Roma, (IT) (cat.)
• Lois & Richard Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (US)

2004

• Bodily Space: New Obsessions in Figurative Sculpture, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York (US)
  
• Disparities & Deformations – Our Grotesque, 5th International Site Santa Fe Biennial (US) (cat.)
• Galeria Soledad Lorenzo, Madrid (ES)

2003

• Yanomami: Spirit of the Forest, Fondation Cartier pour L’art contemporain, Paris (FR)
  
• The Poetics Project: 1977-1997, (collaboration with Mike Kelley), Barbican Centre, London (UK)
  
• Fast Forward, Media Art Sammlung Goetz, KZM, Karlsruhe, (DE) (cat.)
  
• Art, Lies, and Videotape: Exposing Performance, Tate Liverpool (UK) (cat.)
  
• Lux, Andrew Jensen Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand; Mark Hutchins Gallery, Wellington, (NZ)

2002

• The First Decade- Video From the EAI Archives, Museum of Modern Art, New York (US)
  
• New York Renaissance– Masterworks From the Whitney Museum of American Art, Palazzo Reale, Milan (IT) (cat.)
  
• Slow Motion, Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Aachen, (DE) (cd-rom)
  
• Hautnah- The Goetz Collection, Museum Villa Stuck, Munich (DE) (cat.)
  
• Garten Landschaft OstWestfalenLippe, Gräflicher Kurpark Driburg, Driburg, (DE)
  
• Ce Qui Arrive, Fondation Cartier Pour L’Art Contemporain, Paris (FR)
  
• Video Acts, P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York; Institute of Contemporary Arts, London (UK) (cat.)
• Life, Death, Love, Hate, Pleasure, Pain, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (US) (cat.)

2001

• A Contemporary Cabinet of Curiosities- Selections from the Vicki and Kent Logan Collection,Oliver Art Center, California College of Arts and Crafts, Oakland (US) (cat.)
  
• Wechselstrom- Alternating Current, Sammlung Hauser und Wirth, St. Gallen, (CH) (cat.)
  
• Black Box, Kunstmuseum Bern, (CH) (cat.)
  
• Televisions, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna (AT) (cat.)

2000

• Spectacular Bodies, Hayward Gallery, London (UK) (cat.)

1999

• Double Lives, Institut de Cultura de Barcelona (ES)
  
• Video Cultures, Center for Art and Media, MCA, Karlsruhe, (DE)
  
• American Century, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US) (cat.)
  
• Skin, Deste Foundation Center for Contemporary Art, Athens (GR)
  
• Triennale Exhibition: Sentiment of the Year 2000, Triennale di Milano (IT)
  
• Millennium My Eye!, Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal (CA)
• 6th International Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (TR) (cat.)

1998

• Video: Tony Oursler, Bruce Naumen, Sam Taylor-Wood, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (US)
  
• Sao Paulo Biennale XXIV, Sao Paulo, (BR)

1997

• Biennial, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US)(cat.)
  
• Skulptur Projekte, Munster (DE) (cat.)
  
• The Body, The Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, (AU) (cat.)
  
• Documenta X, Kassel (DE) (collaboration with Mike Kelley) (cat.)
  
• The Poetics Project: 1977-1997, (collaboration with Mike Kelley), Watarium, Watari Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (JP)(cat.)

1996

• Altered and Irrational, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US)
  
• Sex & Crime: On Human Relationships, Sprengel Musem, Hannover (DE) (cat.)
  
• Young Americans: New American Art in the Saatchi Collection, Saatchi Gallery, London (UK) (cat.)
  
• Phantasmagoria, Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, (AU) (cat.)
  
• 10th Biennale of Sydney, (AU) (cat.)
  
• New Persona/New Universe, Biennale di Firenze, Florence (IT)

1995

• ARS 95 Helsinki, Museum of Contemporary Art, Helsinki (FI)(cat.)
  
• Zeichen & Wunder, Kunsthaus Zurich; Centro Galego de Arte Contemporanea, Santiago de Compostela, (ES) (cat.)
  
• Video Spaces: Eight Installations, Museum of Modern Art, New York (US)(cat.)
  
• Carnegie International, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh (US) (cat.)
  
• Biennale d’Art Contemporain de Lyon, Maison de Lyon, (FR)
  
• Passions Privee, Museé d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (FR)

1994

• Tony Oursler and John Kessler, Salzburg Kunstverein, (AT) (cat.)

1993

• 3rd International Biennale in Nagoya-Artec ’93, Nagoya City Art Museum, (JP)

1992

• Documenta 9, Kassel (DE)(cat.)

1990

• Tendance Multiples, Video des Annees 80, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (FR)

1989

• Biennial, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US) (cat.)
  
• Video Sculpture 1963-1989, Kolnischer Kunstverein, Cologne (DE)

1988

• The BiNational: American Art of the Late 80s, German Art of the Late 80s, Institute of Contemporary Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (US); Stadtische Kunsthalle, Dusseldorf (DE) ; Kunsthalle Bremen; Wurttembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart (DE) (cat.)

1987

• L’époque, la mode, la morale, la passion, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (FR)
  
• Documenta 8, Kassel (DE)(cat.)

1981

• Beware the Dog!, Mud Club, New York (US)

1980

• Tony Oursler and Van Waterford, Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions, Los Angeles (US)

1978

Fifteen Artists: Videotapes, Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art (US)

Museum and Public Collections

• Eli Broad Family Foundaton, Los Angeles (US)
• capc Musée d’art Contemporain de Bordeaux, (FR)
• Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (US)
• Cartier Foundation, Paris (FR)
• Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio (US)
• Depont Foundation for Contemporary Art, Tilburg, (NL)
• Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines, Iowa (US)
• Goetz Collection, Munich (DE)
• Hara Museum, Tokyo, (JP)
• Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C. (US)
• JB Speed Museum, Louisville, Kentucky (US)
• Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska (US)
• Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California (US)
• Magasin 3, Stockholm (SE)
• Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin (US)
• Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas (US)
• Musée d’Art Contemporain de Montreal (CA)
• Musée d’Art Contemporain, Barcelona (ES)
• Musée d’Art Contemporain, Lyon (FR)
• Musée national d’art moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (FR)
• Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (US)
• Museum of Contemporary Art, Helsinki (FI)
• Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, California (US)
• Museum of Modern Art, New York (US)
• National Museum of Osaka, (JP)
• Orange County Museum of Art, California (US)
• Saatchi Collection, London (UK)
• San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California (US)
• Staatsgalerie Moderner Kunst, Munich (DE)
• Tate Gallery, London (UK)
• Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven (NL)
• Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (US)
• ZMK/Center for Art & Media, Karlsruhe, (DE)
• Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts (US)